Shoulder Trauma
Shoulder trauma encompasses a range of injuries to the bones and soft tissues around the shoulder girdle. High-energy trauma, falls, or sports-related injuries are common causes. Fractures may involve the proximal humerus, clavicle, scapula, glenoid, coracoid, or acromioclavicular (AC) joint. Accurate diagnosis with clinical examination and imaging (X-rays, CT scans) is essential to assess displacement, involvement of articular surfaces, and associated injuries. Treatment can be non-operative or surgical, depending on fracture type, displacement, patient age, and activity level.
Proximal Humerus Fracture
Proximal humerus fractures are common in elderly osteoporotic patients following low-energy falls. In younger individuals, they may result from high-energy trauma. Neer’s classification helps guide treatment decisions based on the number of fracture parts and displacement. Non-displaced fractures are treated with immobilization followed by physiotherapy. Displaced fractures may require open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or intramedullary nailing. In severely comminuted cases or in older patients, hemiarthroplasty or reverse shoulder arthroplasty may be considered. Complications include avascular necrosis, stiffness, and malunion. Early mobilization under guidance improves outcomes.